Table 2 Baseline characteristics of the study population by various dietary live microbes
Variable | Overall (n = 23708) | Low dietary live microbe group (n = 5807) | Medium dietary live microbe group (n = 6797) | High dietary live microbe group (n = 4191) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age, y, mean (SE) | 45.52(0.28) | 43.09(0.34) | 46.82(0.37) | 46.35(0.37) | < 0.0001 |
Age strata, y, n (%) | < 0.0001 | ||||
20–39 | 6537(39.72) | 2476(45.12) | 2426(36.85) | 1635(37.83) | |
40–59 | 5765(38.54) | 1962(38.05) | 2387(39.38) | 1416(37.97) | |
≥60 | 4493(21.73) | 1369(16.83) | 1984(23.76) | 1140(24.20) | |
Sex, n (%) | < 0.0001 | ||||
Female | 7908(48.65) | 2471(42.83) | 3216(49.23) | 2221(53.92) | |
Male | 8887(51.35) | 3336(57.17) | 3581(50.77) | 1970(46.08) | |
Race, n (%) | < 0.0001 | ||||
Mexican American | 2394(7.80) | 739(7.86) | 1172(9.62) | 483(5.40) | |
Non-Hispanic White | 7751(71.27) | 2373(65.30) | 3012(69.70) | 2366(79.47) | |
Non-Hispanic Black | 3293(9.44) | 1594(14.63) | 1181(8.58) | 518(5.18) | |
Other Hispanic | 1619(5.10) | 517(5.30) | 690(5.36) | 412(4.57) | |
Other Race | 1738(6.38) | 584(6.92) | 742(6.73) | 412(5.38) | |
Marital status, n (%) | < 0.0001 | ||||
Divorced/Separated/Widowed | 3312(16.70) | 1247(18.26) | 1320(16.93) | 745(14.78) | |
Married/Living with a partner | 10,104(64.12) | 3200(58.60) | 4247(65.53) | 2657(68.01) | |
Never married | 3379(19.18) | 1360(23.14) | 1230(17.53) | 789(17.21) | |
Education levels, n (%) | < 0.0001 | ||||
High school and below | 6751(32.88) | 2822(43.15) | 2668(30.91) | 1261(24.77) | |
Above high school | 10,044(67.12) | 2985(56.85) | 4129(69.09) | 2930(75.23) | |
Poverty ratio, n (%) | < 0.0001 | ||||
<1.3 | 4584(17.90) | 2008(24.77) | 1706(16.16) | 870(13.02) | |
1.3–3.5 | 6227(33.92) | 2274(37.88) | 2529(33.02) | 1424(30.97) | |
>3.5 | 5984(48.18) | 1525(37.35) | 2562(50.82) | 1897(56.01) | |
BMI, n (%) | < 0.0001 | ||||
<25 | 4933(30.29) | 1630(28.10) | 1982(30.36) | 1321(32.46) | |
25-29.99 | 5588(33.15) | 1813(30.74) | 2310(33.50) | 1465(35.18) | |
≥30 | 6274(36.56) | 2364(41.16) | 2505(36.13) | 1405(32.36) | |
Smoke, n (%) | < 0.0001 | ||||
No | 8692(53.35) | 2728(47.36) | 3628(54.79) | 2336(57.69) | |
Yes | 8103(46.65) | 3079(52.64) | 3169(45.21) | 1855(42.31) | |
Alcohol user, n (%) | < 0.0001 | ||||
No | 6101(35.81) | 1841(30.83) | 2594(37.16) | 1666(39.24) | |
Yes | 10,694(64.19) | 3966(69.17) | 4203(62.84) | 2525(60.76) | |
Moderate recreational activity, n (%) | < 0.0001 | ||||
No | 7827(41.01) | 3129(50.32) | 3067(39.35) | 1631(33.49) | |
Yes | 8968(58.99) | 2678(49.68) | 3730(60.65) | 2560(66.51) | |
Sitting time, n (%) | < 0.001 | ||||
<5 | 6702(36.19) | 2291(36.77) | 2901(38.10) | 1510(33.14) | |
≥5 | 10,093(63.81) | 3516(63.23) | 3896(61.90) | 2681(66.86) | |
Hypertension, n (%) | 0.43 | ||||
No | 11,395(71.02) | 3877(70.27) | 4594(70.94) | 2924(71.89) | |
Yes | 5400(28.98) | 1930(29.73) | 2203(29.06) | 1267(28.11) | |
Diabetes, n (%) | 0.04 | ||||
No | 14,814(90.74) | 5121(90.67) | 5926(89.90) | 3767(91.90) | |
Borderline | 347(1.81) | 106(1.53) | 155(2.08) | 86(1.76) | |
Yes | 1634(7.45) | 580(7.80) | 716(8.03) | 338(6.34) | |
Hyperlipidemia, n (%) | 0.06 | ||||
No | 5155(31.37) | 1811(31.89) | 2008(30.03) | 1336(32.55) | |
Yes | 11,640(68.63) | 3996(68.11) | 4789(69.97) | 2855(67.45) | |
CVD, n (%) | 0.03 | ||||
No | 16,428(98.50) | 5652(98.19) | 6659(98.43) | 4117(98.90) | |
Yes | 367(1.50) | 155(1.81) | 138(1.57) | 74(1.10) | |
eGFR (mL/min), mean (SE) | 96.04(0.35) | 98.36(0.44) | 94.98(0.46) | 94.98(0.48) | < 0.0001 |
UUI frequency, n (%) | 0.21 | ||||
Never | 13,332(81.76) | 4601(82.06) | 5390(81.15) | 3341(82.23) | |
Less than once a month | 1714(9.45) | 607(9.13) | 675(9.41) | 432(9.84) | |
A few times a month | 1070(5.60) | 350(5.44) | 463(6.19) | 257(4.99) | |
A few times a week | 438(2.15) | 172(2.48) | 164(2.15) | 102(1.80) | |
Every day and/or night | 241(1.04) | 77(0.89) | 105(1.09) | 59(1.14) | |
Nocturia frequency, n (%) | < 0.001 | ||||
0 | 5613(36.35) | 1915(36.28) | 2199(35.43) | 1499(37.61) | |
1 | 6618(41.46) | 2162(39.15) | 2771(42.48) | 1685(42.54) | |
2 | 2826(14.60) | 1047(15.63) | 1140(14.55) | 639(13.61) | |
3 | 1243(5.60) | 486(6.38) | 494(5.72) | 263(4.63) | |
4 | 340(1.44) | 131(1.80) | 130(1.28) | 79(1.28) | |
5 or more? | 155(0.55) | 66(0.77) | 63(0.53) | 26(0.33) | |
OAB, n (%) | < 0.001 | ||||
No | 14,007(87.11) | 4748(85.74) | 5679(86.86) | 3580(88.84) | |
Yes | 2788(12.89) | 1059(14.26) | 1118(13.14) | 611(11.16) |