Table 2 Univariate regression analysis prior to and following PSM

Age (years)

 <50

1.00 (Reference)

1.00 (Reference)

 ≥50

14.73 (11.76 ∼ 18.47)

< 0.001

0.97 (0.72 ∼ 1.30)

0.818

Race

 Mexican American

1.00 (Reference)

1.00 (Reference)

 Other Hispanic

1.22 (0.75 ∼ 1.97)

0.422

1.52 (0.79 ∼ 2.91)

0.210

 Non-Hispanic white

1.16 (0.94 ∼ 1.43)

0.157

1.25 (0.94 ∼ 1.67)

0.123

 Non-Hispanic black

0.69 (0.52 ∼ 0.91)

0.009

1.22 (0.81 ∼ 1.82)

0.342

 Other

0.40 (0.21 ∼ 0.76)

0.005

1.31 (0.56 ∼ 3.08)

0.537

Education

 Less than high school

1.00 (Reference)

1.00 (Reference)

 High school diploma

0.48 (0.38 ∼ 0.60)

< 0.001

1.02 (0.75 ∼ 1.39)

0.884

 More than high school

0.47 (0.39 ∼ 0.57)

< 0.001

1.02 (0.79 ∼ 1.33)

0.863

PIR

 <2

1.00 (Reference)

1.00 (Reference)

 ≥2

0.75 (0.63 ∼ 0.88)

< 0.001

0.90 (0.72 ∼ 1.14)

0.402

Smoking

 Yes

1.00 (Reference)

1.00 (Reference)

 No

0.50 (0.42 ∼ 0.60)

< 0.001

1.07 (0.84 ∼ 1.36)

0.583

BMI (kg/m²)

 <25

1.00 (Reference)

1.00 (Reference)

  25-29.99

1.24 (1.01 ∼ 1.51)

0.040

0.91 (0.69 ∼ 1.21)

0.525

 ≥30

1.43 (1.15 ∼ 1.77)

0.001

0.98 (0.72 ∼ 1.33)

0.884

Hypertension

 No

1.00 (Reference)

1.00 (Reference)

 Yes

3.66 (3.09 ∼ 4.34)

< 0.001

0.98 (0.78 ∼ 1.23)

0.863

Diabetes

 No

1.00 (Reference)

1.00 (Reference)

 Yes

5.05 (4.03 ∼ 6.31)

< 0.001

1.27 (0.96 ∼ 1.68)

0.101

Vigorous activity status

 Yes

1.00 (Reference)

1.00 (Reference)

 No

3.39 (2.77 ∼ 4.15)

< 0.001

0.95 (0.73 ∼ 1.25)

0.728

Moderate activity status

 Yes

1.00 (Reference)

1.00 (Reference)

 No

1.41 (1.20 ∼ 1.66)

< 0.001

0.92 (0.74 ∼ 1.16)

0.491

Testosterone

 Low

1.00 (Reference)

1.00 (Reference)

 Normal

0.29 (0.17 ∼ 0.49)

< 0.001

0.75 (0.38 ∼ 1.49)

0.415

Depression

 Yes

1.00 (Reference)

1.00 (Reference)

 No

1.07 (0.36 ∼ 3.21)

0.899

0.83 (0.16 ∼ 4.15)

0.815

CDAI

0.92 (0.90 ∼ 0.94)

< 0.001

0.97 (0.94 ∼ 0.99)

0.031