Table 1 Distribution of various factors as per tobacco consumption among middle aged and elderly Indian adults 

Demographic and socio-economic factors

Age-group in years

45–59 (middle aged)

33.82*

12.45*

18.70*

2.67*

 > 60 (elderly)

39.72*

15.38*

21.06*

3.28*

Gender

Male

57.58*

26.60*

24.93*

24.93*

Female

19.11*

3.14*

15.59*

15.59*

Religion

Hindu

37.33*

14.06*

20.24*

3.03*

Muslim

39.13*

15.60*

20.46*

3.07*

Christian

28.52*

12.11*

14.06*

2.36*

Others

23.48*

6.79*

14.72*

1.97*

Caste

Schedule caste

46.02*

17.86*

27.55*

3.60*

Schedule tribe

44.03*

14.41*

22.44*

3.17*

OBC

33.50*

12.72*

18.08*

2.68*

Others

34.21*

12.98*

18.60*

2.64*

Wealth index

Poorest

38.95*

12.88*

22.88*

3.28

Poorer

40.19*

14.11*

23.30*

2.77

Middle

37.29*

14.45*

19.65*

3.17

Richer

36.89*

15.03*

18.71*

3.15

Richest

29.57*

13.11*

13.88*

2.57

Education

Illiterate

46.08*

17.89*

23.13*

5.02*

Less than primary

41.06*

15.59*

21.33*

4.14*

Primary completed

41.02*

16.85*

20.65*

3.53*

Middle completed

36.79*

13.48*

20.81*

2.50*

Secondary school

30.48*

12.41*

15.57*

2.52*

Higher secondary

28.08*

10.19*

15.93*

1.96*

Diploma/ Graduate

19.05*

7.43*

10.26*

1.37*

Marital status

Unmarried

31.62*

14.34*

16.68*

5.60*

Married/ in live -in

38.67*

15.67*

19.67*

3.32*

Widow/ separated/ divorced

38.20*

8.72*

20.66*

1.82*

Residence

Rural

42.36*

15.83*

22.88*

3.64*

Urban

24.64*

9.77*

13.34*

1.53*

Health Insurance

No

36.73

13.87*

19.89*

2.97

Yes

38.93

16.21*

19.63*

3.08

Occupation

Unemployed

27.83*

9.97*

16.01*

1.84*

Professional and semi-professional

18.79*

7.82*

9.68*

1.29*

Clerical and skilled

48.02*

18.30*

25.16*

4.57*

Unskilled

46.43*

18.81*

23.77*

3.85*

Living alone

No

33.63*

9.22*

19.77

1.50*

Yes

36.90*

14.10*

22.91

3.03*

Region

North

31.76*

24.56*

5.77*

1.45*

Central

40.67*

15.55*

21.03*

4.07*

East

46.63*

11.88*

29.40*

5.35*

Northeast

54.29*

11.75*

36.65*

5.88*

West

36.76*

8.21*

26.66*

1.88*

South

24.02*

13.30*

9.85*

0.86*

Health related factors

Physical activity

Never

47.17*

18.29*

24.65*

4.08*

1–3 times /month

45.02*

16.39*

23.82*

4.96*

Once / week

42.10*

15.21*

21.31*

5.58*

More than once / week

42.04*

17.15*

22.09*

2.83*

Everyday

31.40*

12.07*

17.17*

2.15*

Self-rated health

Excellent

32.92*

13.88*

16.45*

2.59*

Very good

34.84*

12.42*

19.59*

2.83*

Good

35.37*

12.81*

19.73*

2.82*

Fair

38.57*

14.99*

20.65*

2.93*

Poor

42.82*

17.67*

21.27*

3.88*

Comorbidity

No

34.65*

13.44*

18.49*

2.72*

Yes

41.35*

14.96*

22.86*

3.52*

Multimorbidity

No

31.88*

12.81*

16.69*

2.38*

Yes

39.64*

14.57*

21.74*

3.32*

Behavioural factors

Alcohol consumption

No

29.20*

10.07*

17.50*

1.62*

Yes

79.89*

35.80*

33.42*

10.69*

Media exposure

No

40.81*

14.95

22.63*

3.22

Yes

34.29*

13.29

18.18*

2.82

Overall

36.78*

13.92*

19.88*

2.98*