Table 1 Baseline characteristics of participants in NHANES 2017 to 2020a
Characteristic | Nb | Overall CVH | Low CVH | Moderate CVH | High CVH | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(n = 5680) | (n = 724) | (n = 3901) | (n = 1055) | |||
Age, mean (SE), y | / | 48.03 (0.64) | 55.14 (0.93) | 49.36 (0.7) | 41.02 (0.85) | < 0.001 |
Age, y | ||||||
20–39 | 1767 | 36.01 (32.95–39.19) | 17.17 (12.86–22.56) | 32.66 (29.36–36.15) | 54.11 (48.99–59.14) | < 0.001 |
40–59 | 1907 | 34.83 (32.40-37.33) | 40.51 (34.34–46.99) | 36.37 (33.68–39.13) | 27.79 (23.61–32.40) | |
≥ 60 | 2006 | 29.16 (25.83–32.73) | 42.32 (35.11–49.87) | 30.96 (27.19–35.02) | 18.10 (14.57–22.27) | |
Gender | ||||||
male | 2799 | 49.20 (46.94–51.46) | 43.14 (36.93–49.57) | 53.84 (50.87–56.79) | 38.04 (33.43–42.88) | < 0.001 |
Female | 2881 | 50.80 (48.54–53.06) | 56.86 (50.43–63.07) | 46.16 (43.21–49.13) | 61.96 (57.12–66.57) | |
Race and ethnicity | ||||||
Hispanic | 1259 | 15.37 (12.63–18.59) | 14.39 (11.05–18.52) | 15.27 (12.49–18.53) | 16.11 (12.63–20.34) | < 0.001 |
Non-Hispanic White | 2065 | 65.23 (60.31–69.84) | 59.78 (51.52–67.52) | 65.71 (60.61–70.47) | 66.16 (59.84–71.96) | |
Non-Hispanic Black | 1432 | 10.11 (7.73–13.12) | 16.77 (12.30-22.44) | 10.37 (7.83–13.61) | 6.47 (4.94–8.44) | |
Othersc | 924 | 9.29 (7.59–11.33) | 9.07 (5.88–13.74) | 8.66 (7.17–10.42) | 11.25 (8.13–15.37) | |
Poverty income ratio | ||||||
< 1.3 | 1344 | 17.62 (15.82–19.58) | 29.03 (22.60-36.43) | 17.27 (15.54–19.16) | 13.67 (11.44–16.26) | < 0.001 |
≥ 1.3,<3.5 | 1921 | 33.51 (30.60-36.55) | 43.62 (37.93–49.48) | 34.12 (30.69–37.73) | 27.34 (23.39–31.67) | |
≥ 3.5 | 1758 | 48.87 (45.17–52.59) | 27.35(21.22–34.47) | 48.60(44.09–53.14) | 58.99 (54.55–63.29) | |
Education levels | ||||||
High school or less | 2262 | 35.82 (32.58–39.19) | 53.98 (50.10–57.80) | 38.79(34.63–43.10) | 19.17 (16.75–21.85) | < 0.001 |
Some college or associates degree | 1924 | 32.55 (29.34–35.93) | 32.69 (29.41–36.15) | 32.03(30.13–33.99) | 25.98 (21.69–30.78) | |
College graduate or above | 1494 | 33.46 (29.38–37.80) | 13.33 (10.48–16.82) | 29.19(24.83–33.96) | 54.85 (49.24–60.34) | |
Marital status | ||||||
Married/Living with Partner | 3356 | 63.11 (60.13–65.99) | 58.14 (50.63–65.29) | 64.13 (61.10-67.04) | 62.22 (56.71–67.44) | < 0.001 |
Widowed/Divorced/Separated | 1240 | 18.10 (16.57–19.73) | 27.72 (23.01-33.00) | 19.06 (16.81–21.53) | 11.08 (8.84–13.81) | |
Never married | 1084 | 18.80 (16.59–21.22) | 14.14 (10.46–18.39) | 16.81 (14.66–19.21) | 26.70 (21.64–32.45) | |
MASLD | ||||||
yes | 2130 | 36.83 (34.70–39.00) | 67.28 (63.03–71.26) | 41.47(39.15–43.83) | 9.88 (7.35–13.17) | < 0.001 |
no | 3550 | 63.17 (61.00-65.30) | 32.72 (28.74–36.97) | 58.53 (56.17–60.85) | 90.12 (86.83–92.65) | |
Thyroid disease history | ||||||
yes | 675 | 12.66 (11.47–13.95) | 22.19 (14.21–32.93) | 11.84 (10.26–13.62) | 10.98 (8.92–13.46) | 0.003 |
no | 5005 | 87.34 (86.05–88.53) | 77.81 (67.07–85.79) | 88.16 (86.38–89.74) | 89.02(86.54–91.08) | |
Obesity | ||||||
yes | 2427 | 41.54 (38.46–44.69) | 77.39 (71.63–82.28) | 47.83 (44.11–51.58) | 7.37 (5.60–9.65) | < 0.001 |
no | 3253 | 58.46 (55.31–61.54) | 22.61 (17.72–28.37) | 52.17 (48.42–55.89) | 92.63 (90.35–94.40) | |
Sleep apnea | ||||||
yes | 1356 | 23.81 (22.29–25.41) | 32.00 (26.40-38.17) | 24.95 (22.82–27.21) | 17.15(13.37–21.74) | < 0.001 |
no | 4040 | 76.19 (74.59–77.71) | 68.00 (61.83–73.60) | 75.05 (72.79–77.18) | 82.85 (78.26–86.63) | |
ALT, mean (SE), U/L | / | 22.56 (0.26) | 24.30 (0.83) | 23.70 (0.34) | 18.42 (0.30) | < 0.001 |
AST, mean (SE), U/L | / | 21.44 (0.16) | 21.99 (0.64) | 21.54 (0.14) | 20.91 (0.40) | 0.12 |
GGT, mean (SE), U/L | / | 28.28 (0.59) | 37.12 (1.88) | 30.06 (0.67) | 19.18 (0.58) | < 0.001 |
Poverty income ratio, mean (SE) | / | 3.23 (0.06) | 2.52 (0.15) | 3.22 (0.06) | 3.56 (0.07) | < 0.001 |
LE8 scores (out of 100 possible points) | ||||||
LE8 score, mean (SE) | / | 68.25 (0.44) | 42.11 (0.33) | 65.76 (0.24) | 86.95 (0.28) | < 0.001 |
HEI-2015 diet score, mean (SE) | / | 39.02 (1.08) | 21.19 (1.15) | 35.01 (1.11) | 58.65 (1.08) | < 0.001 |
Physical activity score, mean (SE) | / | 76.91 (0.76) | 31.07 (3.59) | 76.94 (1.16) | 96.66 (0.55) | < 0.001 |
Nicotine exposure score, mean (SE) | / | 75.31 (1.00) | 46.85 (1.75) | 73.38 (1.27) | 93.36 (0.88) | < 0.001 |
Sleep health score, mean (SE) | / | 86.24 (0.6) | 67.99 (2.26) | 86.39 (0.63) | 93.69 (0.64) | < 0.001 |
Body mass index score, mean (SE) | / | 57.07 (1.01) | 30.66 (1.71) | 51.96 (1.21) | 83.63 (0.79) | < 0.001 |
Blood lipids score, mean (SE) | / | 67.03 (0.88) | 45.11 (1.20) | 64.06 (1.29) | 85.30 (1.02) | < 0.001 |
Blood glucose score, mean (SE) | / | 76.57 (0.51) | 56.13 (1.26) | 74.05 (0.69) | 92.92 (0.78) | < 0.001 |
Blood pressure score, mean (SE) | / | 67.85 (0.84) | 37.88 (1.65) | 64.28 (0.84) | 91.40 (0.58) | < 0.001 |