Table 2 Main themes, subthemes and codes (subtheme categories)
From: Perceptions of the mothers on the determinants of undernutrition in Rwanda: a qualitative study
Main themes | Subthemes | Codes (subtheme categories) |
|---|---|---|
Mothers’ perceived understandings of the determinants of undernutrition | Perceived knowledge on IYCF | Early initiation of breastfeeding within 1 h after birth |
Exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6Â months of life | ||
Complementary feeding knowledge | ||
Continuation of breastfeeding up to 2Â years and beyond | ||
Perceived benefits of breastfeeding | Providing immunity to the child through the first breast milk | |
Emotional bonding between mother and child | ||
Promoting healthy newborn growth | ||
Nutrients that cannot be obtained from anywhere else | ||
Promoting the production of breast milk by the mother | ||
Helping in avoiding other foods that can be source of infection | ||
Saving money that should have been spent on breast milk replacement | ||
Preventing unplanned pregnancies for the mother | ||
Losing weight and thus protecting against non-communicable diseases | ||
Protecting the mother against breast disease | ||
Infant and young child practice | Complementary feeding practice | |
Continuation of breastfeeding practice | ||
Perceived awareness on wash activities | Knowing about relationship between handwashing and undernutrition | |
Knowing that using toilet properly can prevent undernutrition | ||
Knowing that unclean water can lead to undernutrition | ||
Perceived awareness on health services utilization | Knowing about relationship between vaccination and undernutrition | |
Mothers’ perceived barriers related to the determinants of undernutrition | Perceived barriers of the mothers on IYCF practice | Poverty |
Having many children | ||
Lack of knowledge of the mothers and house helps | ||
Breast feeding during pregnancy (gusamira ku kiriri) | ||
Illness of the mother | ||
Illness of the child | ||
Death of the mother | ||
Perceived lack of enough breast milk | ||
Lack of time and leaving children to caregivers (house helps) | ||
Conflict at home | ||
Early return to work following maternity leave | ||
Perceived barriers of the mothers on WASH activities | Insufficiency of water supply at home | |
Limited financial capacity | ||
Water use misconception | ||
Negative mindset/poor understanding |