Table 4 Logit marginal effects

Variables

Full model

Rural Pakistan

Urban Pakistan

Food Security

Foodreduction

0.141***

0.140***

0.145***

(0.0206)

(0.0349)

(0.0251)

Lowqualityfood

0.212***

0.158***

0.232***

(0.0285)

(0.0513)

(0.0341)

Debt Burden

Loanrelatives

0.147***

0.140***

0.151***

(0.0135)

(0.0238)

(0.0163)

Loanemployer

0.0374*

0.0564*

0.0161

(0.0212)

(0.0326)

(0.0279)

Loanbanks

− 0.167***

− 0.119*

− 0.170***

(0.0340)

(0.0621)

(0.0410)

Communityassistance

0.0851***

0.115***

0.0838***

(0.0197)

(0.0391)

(0.0230)

Loandeferment

0.0785***

0.0333

0.0774***

(0.0162)

(0.0304)

(0.0195)

Energy Poverty

Electricitydefault

0.0569***

0.121***

0.0308

(0.0172)

(0.0267)

(0.0222)

Gasdefault

0.00269

− 0.0588

0.0233

(0.0196)

(0.0389)

(0.0233)

Essentials

Nonfoodreduction

0.0439

0.0210

0.0523

(0.0267)

(0.0439)

(0.0331)

Schooldropout

0.0118

0.0594

0.0106

(0.0182)

(0.0374)

(0.0210)

Displacement

0.0665**

− 0.0207

0.0852**

(0.0336)

(0.0675)

(0.0390)

Capital Flight

Productiveassets

0.0366

0.0277

0.0358

(0.0278)

(0.0487)

(0.0341)

Savings

0.0152

0.0768***

− 0.00150

(0.0160)

(0.0264)

(0.0202)

HHassets

0.0737***

− 0.0242

0.0955***

(0.0238)

(0.0476)

(0.0277)

Productivecattle

0.0349

0.0379

0.0443

(0.0244)

(0.0304)

(0.0386)

Stockseed

0.0839*

0.0292

0.104

(0.0435)

(0.0543)

(0.0687)

Soldland

− 0.0348

0.140

− 0.0719

(0.0779)

(0.140)

(0.0903)

Controls

YoungHH

0.0219*

0.0495**

0.0127

(0.0133)

(0.0228)

(0.0162)

MaledominatedHH

0.0131

0.0148

0.0155

(0.0142)

(0.0239)

(0.0175)

EducatedHH

0.00633

0.0155

− 0.000359

(0.0139)

(0.0242)

(0.0169)

AboveavgHHincome

0.00374

0.0433*

− 0.0191

(0.0136)

(0.0240)

(0.0164)

Remittances

0.0415

-0.00352

0.0556

(0.0366)

(0.0665)

(0.0442)

Charity

0.0196

0.00598

0.0201

(0.0135)

(0.0237)

(0.0163)

RuralHH

− 0.00784

(0.0155)

Regional FE

Yes

Yes

Yes

Observations

3,456

1,036

2,420