Table 1 Anthropometric and demographic characteristics and nutrient intakes of the study participants at the baseline (n = 67)
Variables | Fortified kefir group (n = 32) | Regular kefir group (n = 35) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
Age (year) 1 | 65.00 (65.00–66.00) | 65.00 (65.00–65.00) | 0.375 |
Weight (kg) 1 | 77.00 (73.00–85.00) | 77.00 (72.00–85.00) | 0.930 |
Height (cm) 1 | 170.00 (165.00-174.50) | 170.00 (165.00-173.00) | 0.924 |
BMI (kg/m2) 1 | 26.44 (25.31–28.63) | 27.28 (25.30-29.38) | 0.935 |
Waist circumference (cm) 1 | 99.00 (97.00-105.75) | 99.00 (97.00-107.00) | 0.915 |
Hip circumference (cm) 1 | 103.00 (101.00-109.75) | 103.00 (100.00-113.00) | 0.910 |
WHR 1 | 0.96 (0.96–0.97) | 0.96 (0.96–0.97) | 0.860 |
Energy intake (kcal/day) 1 | 2087.88 (1857.31-2247.46) | 2001.87 (1852.87-2350.85) | 0.925 |
Carbohydrate intake (gr/day) 2 | 270.04 ± 69.72 | 268.03 ± 58.23 | 0.898 |
Protein intake (gr/day) 2 | 81.35 ± 22.17 | 86.96 ± 29.28 | 0.383 |
Fat intake (gr/day) 2 | 81.20 ± 25.00 | 78.62 ± 20.22 | 0.642 |
Fiber intake (gr/day) 2 | 27.96 ± 13.77 | 27.36 ± 12.09 | 0.848 |
Calcium (mg/day) 1 | 794.59 (526.68-1030.33) | 827.60 (483.21-1301.43) | 0.543 |
Magnesium (mg/day) 2 | 344.91 ± 123.89 | 330.19 ± 114.65 | 0.615 |
Zinc (mg/day) 1 | 9.33 (6.87–12.04) | 11.34 (7.63–13.80) | 0.156 |
Selenium (mcg/day) 2 | 0.11 ± 0.05 | 0.10 ± 0.05 | 0.341 |
Vitamin C (mg/day) 1 | 82.89 (26.60-171.62) | 145.69 (43.32-205.93) | 0.253 |
Physical activity, % 3 | Â | Â | 0.806 |
 Low | 19 (59.40) | 22 (62.90) |  |
 Moderate | 13 (40.60) | 13 (37.10) | |
Education Level, % | Â | Â | 0.771 |
 Less than diploma | 8 (25.00) | 7 (20.00) |  |
 Diploma and higher | 24 (75.00) | 28 (80.00) | |
Smoking history, % 3 | Â | Â | 0.584 |
 Yes | 7 (21.90) | 10 (28.60) |  |
 No | 25 (78.10) | 25 (71.40) | |
Diseases history, % 3 | Â | Â | 0.787 |
 Yes | 10 (31.30) | 9 (25.70) |  |
 No | 22 (68.80) | 26 (74.30) | |
Medication, % 3 | Â | Â | 1.000 |
 Yes | 10 (31.30) | 11 (31.40) |  |
 No | 22 (68.70) | 24 (68.60) |