Table 3 The direct effect of basic and underlying determinants of chronic undernutrition based on the UNICEF framework using the 2019 mini-EDHS data

Educational status

No education

Reference

Have education

0.96(0.7, 0.99)*

Residence

Rural

Reference

Urban

1.02(0.988,1.057)

0.8(0.49,0.89)*

Living standard

Non–deprived

Reference

Deprived

1.02(1.0012,1.04)*

2.7(2.3,3.1)*

Wealth index

Poor

Reference

Non-poor

1.015(0.98,1.24)

0.907(0.63,0.98)*

ANC visit

 < 4

Reference

 ≥ 4

1.008(0.98,1.032)

1.27(0.92,1.75)

Place of delivery

Home

Health institution

1.005(0.98,1.032)

Breast feeding

No

Reference

Yes

1.02(0.75,1.39)

Ever had vaccinated

No

Reference

Yes

1.69(1.27, 2.3)*

MDD

Adequate

Reference

Inadequate

2.29(1.2,5.47)*