Table 1 Basic characteristics of study population
|  | Total (n = 567) |
|---|---|
Age (year), mean (SD) | 66.3 (9.1) |
Male, n (%) | 223 (39.3) |
Married, n (%) | 415 (73.2) |
Education level, n (%) | Â |
 Below junior high school | 95 (16.8) |
 Senior high school | 161 (28.4) |
 University and above | 311 (54.9) |
 No income, n (%) | 360 (63.5) |
Smoking status, n (%) | Â |
 Never smoker | 484 (85.4) |
 Secondhand smoker | 6 (1.1) |
 Current smoker | 34 (6) |
  < 20 pack-years | 16 (2.8) |
  ≥ 20 pack-years | 18 (3.2) |
 Former smoker | 43 (7.6) |
Alcohol consumption, n (%) | 105 (18.5) |
 Heavy drinking (15 or more drinks/week for men; 8 or more drinks/week for women) | 9 (1.6) |
Barthel index, mean (SD) | 99.6 (3.5) |
IADL score, mean (SD) | 23.5 (2.3) |
MoCA-T, mean (SD) | 25.2 (4.1) |
AD-8, mean (SD) | 0.59 (1.46) |
GDS-15, mean (SD) | 1.7 (2.4) |
Level of hs-CRP (mg/dL), mean (SD) | 0.13 (0.17) |
Chronic conditions, n (%) | Â |
 Pain | 308 (54.3) |
 Degenerative joint disease | 108 (19.0) |
 Malignancy | 72 (12.7) |
 Depression | 44 (7.8) |
 Lung diseases | 25 (4.4) |
 Stroke | 6 (1.1) |