Development and validation of prediction model for vitamin D deficiency in Chinese college students (a dynamic online nomogram predicting vitamin D deficiency for Chinese college students)

Luo, Yingyi; Qu, Chunbo; Li, Guyanan; Di, Qiannan; Ding, Shangzhen; Jiang, Ruoyou; Wang, Ruotong; Wang, Siyuan; Na, Lixin

doi:10.1186/s41043-025-00871-w

Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition

Table 3 Predictors in the prediction model selected by univariate logistic regression analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis

From: Development and validation of prediction model for vitamin D deficiency in Chinese college students (a dynamic online nomogram predicting vitamin D deficiency for Chinese college students)

Factors			Univariate analysis			Multivariate analysis
Factors			OR	95%CI	P value	OR	95%CI	P value
Basic characteristics	Age	By 1 year	0.879	0.787 ~ 0.983	0.023
	Gender	Female / Male	2.967	2.345 ~ 3.757	< 0.001	2.329	1.772 ~ 3.065	< 0.001
	Region of original residence	Town / City	0.650	0.474 ~ 0.894	0.008	0.720	0.518 ~ 1.006	0.052
		Countryside / City	0.588	0.463 ~ 0.748	< 0.001	0.633	0.491 ~ 0.817	< 0.001
	BMI categories	BMI ≥ 24 / BMI < 24	0.681	0.530 ~ 0.877	0.003
Food items/day	Refined rice, steamed/day	>=200 g/<200 g	0.784	0.628 ~ 0.976	0.030
	Refined rice, porridge/day	>=25 g/<25 g	0.785	0.639 ~ 0.963	0.021
	Refined wheat products/day	>=50 g/<50 g	0.846	0.686 ~ 1.042	0.116
	Desserts/day	>=25 g/<25 g	1.129	0.918 ~ 1.389	0.250
	Whole grains/day	>=10 g/<10 g	1.049	0.848 ~ 1.295	0.660
	Tubers/day	>=25 g/<25 g	0.902	0.734 ~ 1.109	0.328
	Milk and yogurt/day	>=200ml/<200 ml	0.742	0.603 ~ 0.912	0.005	0.730	0.587 ~ 0.906	0.005
	Eggs/day	>=50 g/<50 g	0.816	0.660 ~ 1.010	0.061
	Livestock meat/day	>=100 g/<100 g	0.890	0.725 ~ 1.093	0.267
	Poultry meat/day	>=50 g/<50 g	0.871	0.710 ~ 1.070	0.188
	River fish, shrimp and crab/day	>=10 g/<10 g	1.030	0.833 ~ 1.271	0.786
	Sea fish, shrimp and crab/day	>=10 g/<10 g	1.151	0.937 ~ 1.414	0.181
	Soybeans and Soy products/day	>=25 g/<25 g	0.935	0.761 ~ 1.148	0.520
	Nuts and seeds/day	>=5 g/<5 g	1.025	0.834 ~ 1.258	0.817
	Dark vegetables/day	>=100 g/<100 g	0.782	0.637 ~ 0.960	0.019
	Light color vegetables/day	>=50 g/<50 g	0.782	0.634 ~ 0.963	0.021
	Mushrooms/day	>=12 g/<12 g	0.873	0.710 ~ 1.072	0.195
	Fruits/day	>=100 g/<100 g	0.844	0.687 ~ 1.036	0.105
	Puffed foods/day	>=10 g/<10 g	1.517	1.234 ~ 1.865	< 0.001	1.543	1.244 ~ 1.915	< 0.001
	Candy and Chocolate/day	>=6 g/<6 g	1.227	0.998 ~ 1.510	0.052
	Sugary drinks/day	>=100ml/<100 ml	1.058	0.861 ~ 1.301	0.590
	Taken calcium or vitamin D supplements within 3 months	Yes/no	0.673	0.469 ~ 0.972	0.033	0.670	0.458 ~ 0.988	0.041
Physical activity/day	Vigorous physical activity/day	1 ~ < 2 h/<1 h	1.029	0.802 ~ 1.320	0.823
		>=2 h/<1 h	0.682	0.532 ~ 0.875	0.003
	Moderate physical activity/day	1 ~ < 2 h/<1 h	1.043	0.816 ~ 1.338	0.738
		>=2 h/<1 h	0.988	0.743 ~ 1.321	0.935
	Outdoor activity/day	0.5 ~ < 1 h /<0.5 h	0.999	0.763 ~ 1.306	0.993	0.918	0.693 ~ 1.214	0.547
		≥ 1 h /<0.5 h	0.627	0.489 ~ 0.804	< 0.001	0.704	0.541 ~ 0.915	0.009
UV protection	UV protection index	By 1 degree	1.101	1.069 ~ 1.134	< 0.001	1.048	1.014 ~ 1.084	0.006

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ISSN: 2072-1315

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