Fig. 7

Frontier analysis involving the sociodemographic index (SDI) and neonatal diseases in 2021. The frontier is shown as a solid black line, with each country or region represented by a dot. As SDI increased over time, both the age-standardized disability-adjusted life year rates (ASDAR) and age-standardized death rates (ASDR) of NDs showed a declining trend, indicating an overall reduction in burden with socioeconomic development. The five countries closest to the fitted line (ideal level) are labelled blue in the lower SDI countries, the five countries furthest from the fitted line are labelled red in the higher SDI countries, and the 15 countries furthest from the fitted line are labelled black in all countries