The association between HPV vaccination and new-onset cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases: based on a retrospective study

Yang, Chiao-Yu; Shih, Yu-Hsiang; Lung, Chia-Chi

doi:10.1186/s41043-025-00918-y

Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition

Table 1 Baseline characteristics

From: The association between HPV vaccination and new-onset cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases: based on a retrospective study

	Before PSM					After PSM
	HPV vaccine		Non-HPV vaccine		SMD	HPV vaccine		Non-HPV vaccine		SMD
	N	%	N	%		N	%	N	%
No. of individuals	59,425		126,997			59,423		59,423
Sex
Female	40,964	68.93%	717,290	56.48%	0.2597	40,963	68.94%	40,866	68.77%	0.0035
Male	16,227	27.31%	471,589	37.13%	0.2114	16,226	27.31%	16,329	27.48%	0.0039
Age at index, years (mean ± SD)	25.8 ± 5.25		30.6 ± 6.02		0.8362	25.8 ± 5.25		25.8 ± 5.23		0.0087
BMI (mean ± SD)	27.8 ± 7.53		27.8 ± 7.53		0.1848	27.8 ± 7.53		28.4 ± 7.7		0.0719
Ethnicity
Hispanic or Latino	11,782	19.83%	120,718	9.51%	0.2949	11,780	19.82%	11,707	19.70%	0.0031
Not Hispanic or Latino	39,148	65.88%	841,748	66.28%	0.0085	39,148	65.88%	39,388	66.28%	0.0085
Race
Asian	4680	7.88%	70,515	5.55%	0.0929	4678	7.87%	4784	8.05%	0.0066
White	34,131	57.44%	746,233	58.76%	0.0268	34,131	57.44%	34,067	57.33%	0.0022
Black or African American	9047	15.22%	176,048	13.86%	0.0386	9047	15.23%	9108	15.33%	0.0029
Unknown Race	7397	12.45%	203,192	16.00%	0.1018	7397	12.45%	7399	12.45%	0.0001
Other Race	3698	6.22%	65,423	5.15%	0.0463	3698	6.22%	3611	6.08%	0.0061
Medical utilization
Office or Other Outpatient Services	36,248	61.00%	459,031	36.14%	0.5134	36,246	61.00%	35,727	60.12%	0.0179
Hospital Inpatient and Observation Care Services	1698	2.86%	21,552	1.70%	0.0778	1698	2.86%	1505	2.53%	0.0201
Social economic status
Problems related to housing and economic circumstances	41	0.07%	371	0.03%	0.0180	41	0.07%	26	0.04%	0.0106
Factors influencing health status and contact with health services	39,216	65.99%	547,070	43.08%	0.4729	39,214	65.99%	39,036	65.69%	0.0063
Problems related to employment and unemployment	86	0.15%	1564	0.12%	0.0059	86	0.15%	65	0.11%	0.0099
Problems related to education and literacy	31	0.05%	220	0.02%	0.0187	31	0.05%	21	0.04%	0.0080
Lifestyle
Nicotine dependence	1766	2.97%	34,134	2.69%	0.0171	1766	2.97%	1692	2.85%	0.0074
Alcohol related disorders	411	0.69%	9178	0.72%	0.0037	411	0.69%	353	0.59%	0.0122
Comorbidities
Essential (primary) hypertension	1551	2.61%	49,268	3.88%	0.0717	1551	2.61%	1379	2.32%	0.0187
Mental, Behavioral and Neurodevelopmental disorders	14,164	23.84%	220,939	17.40%	0.1597	14,164	23.84%	13,961	23.49%	0.0080
Neoplasms	2787	4.69%	47,196	3.72%	0.0485	2787	4.69%	2617	4.40%	0.0137
Pregnancy, childbirth, and the puerperium	5362	9.02%	58,599	4.61%	0.1756	5362	9.02%	4895	8.24%	0.0280
Type 2 diabetes mellitus	763	1.28%	17,257	1.36%	0.0066	763	1.28%	649	1.09%	0.0177
Endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases	11,166	18.79%	174,981	13.78%	0.1361	11,165	18.79%	10,807	18.19%	0.0155
Cardiac arrhythmia	10	0.02%	76	0.01%	0.0102	10	0.02%	10	0.02%	0.0000
Diseases of liver	429	0.72%	10,819	0.85%	0.0147	429	0.72%	347	0.58%	0.0171
Chronic kidney disease (CKD)	110	0.19%	2987	0.24%	0.0109	110	0.19%	65	0.11%	0.0198
Rheumatoid arthritis, unspecified	57	0.10%	1561	0.12%	0.0082	57	0.10%	49	0.08%	0.0045
Sleep disorders	1841	3.10%	35,534	2.80%	0.0177	1841	3.10%	1735	2.92%	0.0104
Overweight and obesity	5836	9.82%	68,637	5.41%	0.1671	5835	9.82%	5606	9.43%	0.0131
Hyperlipidemia, unspecified	569	0.96%	17,806	1.40%	0.0412	569	0.96%	496	0.84%	0.0130
Systemic connective tissue disorders	239	0.40%	4577	0.36%	0.0068	239	0.40%	178	0.30%	0.0174

SD, standard deviation; SMD, standardized mean difference; PSM: matching factors included sex, age at index, BMI, ethnicity, race, medical utilization, social economic status, and comorbidities

Back to article page

ISSN: 2072-1315

Contact us

General enquiries: journalsubmissions@springernature.com